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br Acknowledgements This research was supported by
2021-10-12
Acknowledgements This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant awarded to RGM. LMW was supported in part by fellowships from the University of Regina and the Government of Saskatchewan Fish and Wildlife Development Fund (FWDF). We wo
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br Notch Similar to the Wnt
2021-10-12
Notch Similar to the Wnt and Hedgehog pathways as discussed earlier, Notch is an evolutionarily conserved primordial developmental pathway which affects patterning, and has an important role to play in cancer biology ranging from angiogenesis to cancer stem GW9508 receptor to tumor immunity [88]
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It is important to note
2021-10-12
It is important to note that upon RIG-I activation, IRF-3, p38, and ERK were activated by 3p-siHBx, leading to upregulated IFN response (Fig. 6). This suggests that 3p-siHBx has specific effects on HBV replication. In addition, 3p-siHBx induced type III IFN response (Fig. 6D), which could also inhib
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Here we investigate the structural and biochemical propertie
2021-10-12
Here we investigate the structural and biochemical properties of the N-GTPase domain of p190RhoGAP-A. We determine the crystal structure and find that N-GTPase adopts an extended GTPase-like fold with six unique inserts that seem to preclude its ability to bind typical GAP, GEF, or Gedunin mg molec
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wnt inhibitor br Conclusion GST expression was detected in t
2021-10-12
Conclusion GST expression was detected in the Hemicornea construct and the commonly used animal cornea models at both the protein and functional levels. The results are summarized in Table 1. However, the construct exhibited lower levels of activity of GST, a marker of phase II enzymatic activity
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2021-10-12
Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we demonstrated that zaprinast (a cGMP-PDE inhibitor) induced the intracellular calcium mobilization in the csf-1r coexpressing GPR35 and Gqi5, Gqo5, or Gα16. Induction of intracellular calcium mobilization by zaprinast in the GPR35-e
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The current study also inferred that
2021-10-12
The current study also inferred that MT content in Crassostrea gigas might be associated with the Cd level, and can be affected by MT turnover. The TRAM 39 of MT in cytosol is beneficial for aquatic organisms to adapt the seawater contaminated by heavy metals, and MT is a biomarker for marine inver
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Introduction Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GI
2021-10-11
Introduction Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a hormone secreted postprandially from enteroendocrine K cells in response to ingestion of either fat [1], protein [2], or carbohydrates [3]. GIP is primarily known for its glucose-dependent insulinotropic actions mediated via the G
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br Activators Many compounds are known to
2021-10-11
Activators Many compounds are known to influence the activity of Ca2+-activated K+ channels, and since hIK1 was cloned more insight has been gained on compounds that have the capacity to increase channel activity. Activation by divalent metal cations has been investigated, with Ca2+, Pb2+, Cd2+,
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br Introduction Hepatocyte injury initiates and facilitates
2021-10-11
Introduction Hepatocyte injury initiates and facilitates inflammation in the course of liver disease progression. Thus, understanding the regulatory basis for sensing and responding to damage-associated inflammatory processes in the liver’s parenchymal cells is a primary issue in liver pathophysi
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br Materials and methods br Results
2021-10-11
Materials and methods Results To examine the apoptosis in FLS in vitro, we measured the number of NS 1619 in early apoptosis (Annexin V+, 7-AAD−) and late apoptosis/necrosis (Annexin V+, 7-AAD+) using flow cytometry after incubation with or without stimulating Fas antibody. In the absence of F
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The ability of the vasculature to determine the nature and
2021-10-11
The ability of the vasculature to determine the nature and magnitude of a stimulus is essential for the appropriate and proportionate response. The vascular response to injury include rapid changes to blood flow to reduce the loss of blood, followed by increased contact with the sub-endothelial laye
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As an inflammatory mediator histamine plays a
2021-10-11
As an inflammatory mediator, histamine plays a pivotal role in nociceptive processes in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (Gemkow et al., 2009; Hough & Rice, 2011; Tiligada et al., 2009). In this respect, the participation of H3Rs in modulating pain, especially neuropathic pain, has at
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Lactate as administered in these models is
2021-10-11
Lactate as administered in these models is metabolized rapidly and it appears that transient engagement of GPR81 with lactate serum concentrations in the range of moderate exercise physiology, as measured here at 3–4 mmol/L, are sufficient to suppress tissue macrophage NF-κB activation in our models
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The GPR receptor is also emerging as
2021-10-11
The GPR55 receptor is also emerging as an important therapeutic target. GPR55−/− mice possess no overt phenotype, but were protected in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Staton et al., 2008). Staton et al. (2008) reported that no GPR55 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in the animals. Also
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