• The androgen receptor gene AR is located on the

  2025-02-25

  

  The androgen receptor gene (AR) is located on the X-chromosome and consists of eight exons in humans (Brown et al., 1989; Kuiper et al., 1989). The similar gene structure in mice, monotremes and marsupials indicates AR is highly conserved in mammals (Choong et al., 1998; Faber et al., 1991; He et al

• Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK

  2025-02-25

  

  Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK Ser489 in response to high insulin levels [7], [21]. HepG2 rxr receptor show an increase in phosphorylation of AMPK at Ser485 when incubated with either insulin or troglitazone individually (Fig. 5A and C). Despite this concurrent increase,

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion The novel

  2025-02-25

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The novel and central finding of the current study is that endothelial 12/15-LO rather than the monocytic/macrophagic 12/15-LO has a critical role in hyperglycemia-induced leukocyte adhesion and retinal endothelial barrier dysfunction. The following

• Di ethylhexyl phthalate DEHP is one

  2025-02-25

  

  Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most widely used environmental chemicals in the production of polyvinyl chloride. After n-acetyl-l-cysteine into human body, DEHP can be converted to the metabolite mono-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), which has higher toxicity than DEHP and can influen

• Within the PARP family TIPARP is most evolutionarily conserv

  2025-02-25

  

  Within the PARP family, TIPARP is most evolutionarily conserved with PARP12 (ARTD12) and PARP13 (ARTD13) [27,28,41]. All three proteins contain at least one RNA-type CCCH zinc finger domain, a poly-ADP-ribose binding WWE domain and a PARP catalytic domain (Fig. 1). PARP13 is catalytically inactive,

• AMPK is a serine threonine

  2025-02-25

  

  AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclear

• It is reported that Adiponectin is able to suppress

  2025-02-25

  

  It is reported that Adiponectin is able to suppress NF-κB pathway, and Bcr-Abl fusion oncoprotein in CML activates NF-κB by stimulating its nuclear translocation and also by enhancing its transactivation function [25], [26]. Therefore, it is tempting to hypothesize that NF-κB pathway might be involv

• br Methods br Results br Discussion br Acknowledgements

  2025-02-25

  

  Methods Results Discussion Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grant R21 NS081429], a Pilot Grant from the Vanderbilt Conte Center supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grant P50 M096972], and by the Department of Anesthesiology at V

• CBiPES hydrochloride br Adenosine as a mediator of

  2025-02-25

  

  Adenosine as a mediator of procedures used to manage pain The issue of caffeine Caffeine, from dietary sources, is perhaps the most widely consumed behaviorally active agent in the world (Fredholm et al., 1999). Initial characterization indicated caffeine had a higher affinity at A1−, A2A− and

• Silk which is a mixture of mainly

  2025-02-25

  

  Silk, which is a mixture of mainly SF and sericin, has an extensive history in clinical application as a suture material. Unwanted immune reactions to silk sutures observed early on in their application were assigned to the presence of sericin. However, in vitro and in vivo evaluations of pure SF fi

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2025-02-25

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Very few ARF inhibitors have been developed to study the key functions these small GTP-binding proteins play in pathophysiology. The natural compound Brefeldin A (BFA) has exhibited drastic effects in cells such as collapse of the Golgi because of it

• Additionally regulation of GPCR heteromerization by specific

  2025-02-25

  

  Additionally, regulation of GPCR heteromerization by specific ligands may depend not only on the affinity of ligands for receptors, but also on presence of different interacting proteins co-localizing with the receptors in the specific cell, which may induce some conformational changes and contribut

• br Disclosure br Acknowledgement br Introduction

  2025-02-25

  

  Disclosure Acknowledgement Introduction CYP17A1 is a multifunctional enzyme with both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities and is essential for the biosynthesis of steroidal PHA-793887 in male testes and adrenal glands. The 17α-hydroxylase activity of CYP17A1 is involved in the conve

• MLN another selective Aurora A inhibitor is

  2025-02-24

  

  MLN8237, another selective Aurora-A inhibitor is said to be more potent than MLN8054 and to cause less benzodiazepine-like side effects based on structure modulation by the addition of a methoxy group to either end of the MLN8054 molecule. It was studied [62] in a once daily (QD) schedule for 7 days

• azd9291 Here we report discovery of

  2025-02-24

  

  Here we report discovery of highly selective pan-Aurora kinase inhibitors through phenotypic screening. The co-crystal structure of azd9291 bound in the ATP binding site of Aurora A is described, and provides insight into the possible structural basis for the selectivity of the interaction. To id

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